Adjective Clauses - 3

Types of Adjective Clauses

Using Adjective Clauses - 3

Subject Pattern Clauses

In addition to the general information that we've already seen, subject pattern adjective (relative) clauses have some special characteristics:
1. Reductions: Clauses with BE
When a subject-pattern adjective clause contains BE, the relative pronoun and BE can often* be omitted:
The lady who is talking to Bob is his sister. The lady talking to bob is his sister.
That man who is from London speaks five languages. That man from London speaks five languages.
The women who were injured in the accident were colleagues of mine. The women injured in the accident were colleagues of mine.
The candidates who have been elected have very good qualifications. The candidates elected have very good qualifications.
The shoes that are beside the door belong to my sister.  The shoes beside the door belong to my sister.
The party that's on Saturday is very important. The party on Saturday is very important.    


2. Rephrasing: Clauses with HAVE
When an adjective clause contains HAVE (meaning "own," "possess," or "is characterized by"), another kind of change is possible:
Do you know anyone who has change for a dollar? Do you know anyone with change for a dollar?
There's only one girl who has black hair in my class. There's only one girl with black hair in my class.
I live in the building that has the apple tree in front. I live in the building with the apple tree in front.
She likes food that has lots of  hot spices. She likes food with lots of hot spices.      3. Rephrasing: Clauses with HAVE
When adjective clauses contain BE wearing, BE wearing can be changed to in:
The girl who is wearing the red silk suit is a beautician. The woman in the red silk suit is a beautician.
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is my neighbor.  The boy in the black jacket is my neighbor.


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Special Notes:
1. "Dropping" the relative pronoun + BE is most common in these situations:
a. when the verb in the adjective clause is progressive: a man who was wearing a red shirt. a man wearing a red shirt.
the lady who is standing behind you the lady sitting behind you
the dog that is barking so loudly the dog barking so loudly
b. when the verb in the adjective clause is passive:
a book that was given to me by my grandmother a book given to me by my grandfather
shirt that was made in China shirt made in China
song that was written by Michael song written by Michael
cars that were manufactured in Japan cars manufactured in Japan
c. when the verb in the adjective clause is followed by a prepositional phrase:
the seat that is next to mine the seat next to mine
a lawyer who is from Africa a lawyer from Africa
his meetings that are in the evening his meetings in the evening
Important: The relative pronoun and BE are not "dropped" when BE is followed by an adjective:
Correct: Girls who are lonely Wrong: Girls lonely
Correct: A show that is really interesting Wrong: a show really interesting

2.  Do not change a relative pronoun + HAVE when HAVE does not mean "own," "possess," or "is characterized by": a thing that has to be done.
wrong: a thing with done
women who have (="give birth to") premature babies wrong: women with premature babies
people who have a good time wrong: people with a good time (wrong)